ON THE DEFINITION, STRUCTURE, AND PROPERTIES OF PLASMIDS AND PHAGE VECTORS

Abstract

This article presents a scientific overview of plasmids and phage vectors, which are widely utilized in genetic engineering. The study discusses the origin of plasmids, their molecular structure, key characteristics, replication mechanisms, and functional roles in biotechnology. Additionally, bacteriophage-based vectors such as lambda phage and M13 phage are analyzed in terms of their structural organization, genetic capacity, genome packaging limits, and applications in cloning strategies. A comparative evaluation of plasmid and phage vector types is provided, highlighting their importance in foreign gene delivery, expression, and recombinant DNA technology. This work demonstrates the essential role of vector systems in molecular biology and modern biotechnology.