POLYMERASE CHAIN ​​REACTION (PCR)

Abstract

This thesis describes in detail the importance of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in molecular biology and medicine, its working principle and practical applications. The main stages of PCR - denaturation, annealing and elongation processes - are explained from a scientific point of view. Also, the functions of the components necessary for the successful course of the reaction - template DNA, primers, dNTPs, thermostable polymerase and buffer solutions are analyzed. The thesis compares and shows the advantages and limitations of various modifications such as classical PCR, Real-Time PCR (qPCR), RT-PCR, multiplex PCR. The role of PCR in clinical diagnostics, genetic research, forensics, biotechnology and ecology is illustrated with examples. This work deeply illuminates the role of PCR technology in modern scientific and practical activities due to its relevance, high sensitivity and accuracy.