PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Keywords:
Photosynthesis, Solar energy, Chloroplast, Chlorophyll, Carbon dioxide (CO₂), Water (H₂O), Glucose, Oxygen (O₂), Light-dependent phase, Dark phase (Calvin cycle), Energy exchange, Pigments, Photosystems (I and II), ATP, NADPH, Nutrient synthesis.Abstract
This scientific work is devoted to the study of one of the most important processes in plant physiology - photosynthesis, its essence, stages, light and dark reactions in chloroplasts, CO₂ fixation, the Calvin cycle, C₄ and CAM-type photosynthesis mechanisms, photosynthetic pigments and their role in energy metabolism. The article also analyzes the general chemical equations of the photosynthesis process, the electron transport chain, ATP and NADPH synthesis, the influence of environmental factors on the intensity of photosynthesis, and the physiological basis of photosynthetic efficiency.
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