ENERGY TRANSDUCTION IN CELL MEMBRANES
Keywords:
energy transduction, chemiosmotic theory, proton motive force (PMF), ATP synthesis, mitochondria, chloroplast, respiratory chain, photophosphorylation, Na⁺/K⁺ pump.Abstract
This article analyzes the processes of energy transfer (transduction) occurring in cell membranes. The main energy transduction systems of the membrane - photosynthetic membranes in chloroplasts and respiratory chain membranes in mitochondria, as well as energy exchange carried out by proteins in the plasma membrane - are considered. The principle of chemiosmotic coupling, the proton motive force (PMF), and the mechanisms of ATP synthesis are covered. The article is intended as a theoretical guide for students and researchers in biology, biochemistry, and biophysics.
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