EFFECTIVENESS OF CARDIOSURGICAL TREATMENT IN ADVANCED CARDIAC VASCULAR DEFECTS

Abstract

      Acquired cardiovascular defects are considered one of the major challenges in cardiology and cardiac surgery today. They often result from rheumatic fever, infectious endocarditis, atherosclerosis, or myocardial infarction. Such defects lead to heart failure, arrhythmias, circulatory disorders, and reduced physical activity. In modern medicine, surgical approaches such as open-heart surgery, minimally invasive interventions, valve replacement, and bypass surgery are widely practiced. Particularly, early diagnosis, postoperative rehabilitation, and the use of advanced technologies greatly increase treatment effectiveness. Thus, cardiac surgery in acquired heart defects is of both clinical and social importance in contemporary healthcare.