Vol. 1 No. 8 (2024): UNIVERSAL INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL

This article provides ideas on the consistency, place and importance of teaching computer science and information technology in the higher education system.

Under the conditions of global climate change, the selection of starting materials for the creation of competitive varieties of cotton with fast ripening, fruitfulness, high fiber quality and output, resistance to various diseases and stress factors, carrying out crossbreeding in them in various ways, and having unique characteristics by studying the inheritance and variability of characteristics in hybrid generations it is desirable to create selective materials. In this article, cotton subspecies G. hirsutum L. mexicanum var. nervosum (Jucatan), Punctatum, G. hirsutum el salvador, Paniculatum, glabrum var. A description of the morpho-biological and economic characteristics of such varieties as marie-galante, euhirsutum (“Besh-kaxramon” variety) is presented.

This article discusses the role and importance of the work of Baburnama in the history of the Timurids.

The creation of a scientifically based system for radically changing and developing the educational process in the world remains relevant. In particular, significant practical results have been achieved in such prestigious scientific research and educational centers as the European University Institute, Max Plank Institute, Harvard Law School, European Integration (ECSA-Austria), ARENA (Oslo), where research is being conducted on improving the pedagogical system of teaching foreign languages ​​to students.

"Jismlarning muvozanatda bo'lishi uchun sharoitlar" (Jismoniy tarbiya uchun shart) maqoladagi jismoniy tizimning muvozanat holatiga kelishi uchun zarur bo'lgan shart tahlil qilinadi. Muvozanat - bu tizim ichidagi kuchlar o'zaro tenglashganda yuzaga keladigan holat bo'lib, bu holat jismoniy, mexanik, va biokimyoviy tizimlar uchun muhim ahamiyatga ega. Maqolada muvozanatning turlari, masalan, statik va dinamik muvozanatlar, shuningdek, muvozanatning saqlanishi uchun zarur bo‘lgan tashqi va ichki kuchlar, shuningdek, harakatning turg‘unlikka, energiya saqlanishiga va tizimning barqarorligiga ta'siri haqida so'z yuritiladi. Shu bilan birga, maqola shartli va haqiqiy muvozanat holatlari o'rtasidagi farqni, shuningdek, jismoniy va biologik tizimlarda bu holatni qanday boshqarish mumkinligini ko'rsatadi.

The article analyzes the role of the GeoGebra program in mathematical education and its main capabilities. GeoGebra is an interactive and dynamic mathematical program that combines geometry, algebra, calculus, and statistics. The article presents the capabilities of the GeoGebra program to visually present mathematical concepts to the user, the ability to solve problems accurately and quickly, as well as auxiliary functions for creating mathematical models. The program provides teachers and students with visualization, interactive experience, and real-time analysis in learning and teaching mathematics. At the same time, the importance of the GeoGebra program in the educational process and the importance of studying its role in the development of mathematical skills are shown.

This article is dedicated to analyzing the significance of needs as an internal factor in human activity and the methods for studying them. Human motivation, needs, and their types are explored based on Maslow's hierarchy. Through methods such as surveys, observation, testing, interviews, and experimentation, the article aims to deepen the understanding of human needs and explain their importance in development. The findings highlight the necessity of accurately studying needs to foster personal and social progress.

This article considers the issues of forming general spiritual competence in future primary school teachers based on historical ideals. Methods of improving personal spirituality in the educational process based on historical values ​​and national traditions are analyzed. The article also highlights the importance of general spiritual competence in the primary education process, its role and impact on providing students with spiritual and aesthetic education. An integrative approach and ways to use modern pedagogical technologies to form this competence in future teachers are shown.

The article examines the impact of globalization on the state of bilingualism, touching upon the issue of the negative impact of technical progress on the linguistic and cultural side of the individual. The formation of an acute solution to the problem of the destruction of the linguistic integrity of mixed bilingualism becomes possible through comparative and contrastive approaches to teaching. Through specific examples of scientists and researchers, the optimality of using these methods in the context of globalization of the world is substantiated. In addition, the success of using the methodology of comparison and contrast not only in linguistic, but also in the cultural development of the individual is proven.

Empathy, that is, the ability to understand and sympathize with the feelings of others, plays a central role in human social relations. Empathy is an effective tool in managing interpersonal communication and complex social situations, and is of great importance in psychology, pedagogy, medicine and many other fields. This article highlights the theoretical foundations of empathy, its study through various research methods, and its impact on human mental health. It also analyzes how empathy is used in different fields such as education, health and social services and how it is researched. It is noted that the development of empathy is important in strengthening interpersonal relationships and strengthening cooperation in complex social situations.

This article presents mechanisms for improving the management system of the educational institution with information technologies.

This article discusses children's initiative and the psychological mechanisms for developing initiative-related qualities in them. The article presents scientific perspectives on the formation of initiative, as well as an analysis of approaches and factors used in fostering its development.

This article examines the contrasting ways that emotions and feelings are expressed and valued in Uzbekistan and the United States. Grounded in distinct cultural backgrounds, Uzbeks often prioritize social harmony, restraint, and respect for others in emotional management, with a focus on community and family values. In contrast, Americans emphasize openness and individualism, where personal expression and transparency are seen as keys to healthy relationships and self-discovery. By exploring these cultural differences, the article sheds light on how diverse social norms shape emotional landscapes, providing insight into the unique ways that Uzbeks and Americans experience and navigate their feelings.

This article presents opinions and comments on the development of organizational structures of the personnel management system in educational institutions.

This article discusses the urgent pedagogical problem of forming musical culture in students. The formation of musical culture in students largely depends on their life preparation before entering a higher educational institution. In this case, their arrival at higher educational institutions with certain practical skills and qualifications, the formation of emotional, thinking and will qualities to a certain extent, and the presence of an interest in national culture are the main foundations for the development of a person.

The article discusses the growing importance of preparatory departments at universities specializing in training linguists, in particular, Russianists, for schools in Uzbekistan. Arguments are given that pre-university training of students in preparatory departments can solve many tasks and problems that currently exist in universities and pedagogical institutes.

Ushbu maqolada oliy matematika sohasida ko‘p qo‘llaniladigan bir jinsli differensial tenglamalar va ularning yechilishini uchta holati yuzasidan ma’lumotlar keltirilgan

This study reviews advancements in hearing loss treatments, including vibration-acoustic stimulation, neurotrophic therapies, and gene therapy. Findings from 44 patients indicate that younger individuals experience better treatment outcomes. While these innovative strategies show promise for restoring auditory function, challenges related to cost-effectiveness and accessibility highlight the need for further research to optimize outcomes across diverse populations.

The necessity of the use of subirrigation in arid territories is motivated on the base of experimental-theoretical researches. The principles of the calculation of the device were stated for regulating the drainage sewer. The way of the cascade building of the device was offered. The results of the research permit to raise water supply of the irrigated lands and to improve the  water-salt regime of the aeration zones

This article provides information about essential oil plants, their beneficial properties for agriculture and the human body, the essential oils contained in lavender and ermine plants and their benefits.

This study covers the topic of "Internal volitional management and methods of studying volitional characteristics", in which the concept of internal will, its management and methods of studying volitional characteristics are deeply analyzed. Internal will plays an important role in achieving one's goals, making decisions, and coping with challenges. Various methodologies aimed at the development of inner will are presented in the research, including psychological and social research methods, experiments and questionnaires. With the help of these methods, the possibilities of learning and developing willpower are shown, and practical recommendations are given for individuals and groups.

This article provides information about soil salinity. Soil salinity, i.e. the processes and phenomena occurring in the soil, its effect on productivity, groups and types of saline soils, forms of soil salinity, and the sum of all cations absorbed in the soil expressed in milliequivalents per 100 g of soil. Ca, Mg, Na, K, H2, NH4 absorption capacities are highlighted. In addition, it was stated that the reclamation conditions of the Republic of Karakalpakstan, Khorezm, Bukhara, Jizzakh, and Fergana regions were studied. Saline soils are explained for the following five reasons.

In today's world, the rapid development of technology demands the application of new methods in the educational process. Virtual laboratory classes play a significant role in achieving high results in the scientific and technical fields. Through this method, students, teachers, and researchers can perform scientific experiments using simulations and interactive exercises. Virtual laboratories enable experiments to be conducted in a timely, safe, and efficient manner, and also make remote learning more convenient.

The use of virtual laboratories helps to improve teaching effectiveness, ensure the flexibility of the educational process, and save resources. At the same time, they contribute to reducing financial and time resources in constructing real laboratories by creating virtual versions of complex experiments. Their promising development, with the help of new technologies and interactive platforms, allows for a more effective and convenient learning process.

This article examines the necessity and effective methods of developing students' creative thinking skills. Creative thinking encourages students to solve problems through innovative, independent, and unique approaches. The article suggests methods such as asking open-ended questions, creating a positive environment, group collaboration, conducting scientific and creative activities, and fostering imagination to promote creativity. These approaches contribute to students' personal and intellectual growth in the educational process.

This article presents opinions and comments on the development of organizational structures of the personnel management system in educational institutions