IMPACT OF PESTICIDES ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF CEREAL CROPS

Abstract

The article analyzes the physiological and biochemical effects of pesticides on the development of grain crops - wheat, barley and rye. It is highlighted on the basis of scientific sources that pesticides increase productivity when used in moderation, but have a negative effect on plant growth and development in excessive doses. In recent years, with the increasing use of pesticides in agriculture, their impact on agroecosystems, especially on the physiological development of plants, has become a pressing issue. The study studied the direct and indirect effects of pesticides on the microbiological balance in the soil, the activity of the plant root system and the photosynthesis process of grain crops. Literature analysis shows that although some types of pesticides act as yield-increasing inducers at low concentrations, their use in high doses reduces plant growth, inhibits enzymatic activity, and increases physiological stress.