PHYTOHORMONES AND THEIR IMPORTANCE IN THE PLANT ORGANISM

Abstract

This thesis provides a comprehensive overview of the biologically active substances that control plant growth and development - phytohormones - and their importance in the plant organism. Despite the fact that phytohormones are synthesized in very small quantities in plant cells, they play an important role in controlling physiological and biochemical processes. The thesis analyzes the properties, mechanisms of action and functions of the main phytohormonal groups: auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, abscisic acid and ethylene. The role of auxins in cell elongation and root formation, the acceleration of gibberellins in seed germination and stem growth, the activation of cytokinins in cell division, the control of abscisic acid in stress-induced defense mechanisms, and the effect of ethylene on fruit ripening and leaf shedding are scientifically described. It is also shown that the interaction and balance of phytohormones is a necessary factor for the normal development of plants. The results of the thesis reveal the possibilities of effective use of phytohormones in agriculture, breeding, biotechnology and plant breeding technologies. The possibility of increasing yield, creating stress-resistant varieties and controlling the physiological state of plants with the help of phytohormones is supported by scientific evidence.