THE PLACE OF "THE DISCOVERER OF SCIENCES" IN THE SCIENTIFIC HERITAGE OF IMAM ABU HAMID GHAZALI
Keywords:
Abu Hamid al-Ghazali, “Fatihat al-Ulum”, Islamic intellectual history, classification of sciences, epistemology, dialectics of knowledge and action, fard al-kifaya,, cognitive processes, methodologyAbstract
This article examines the conceptual foundation of Abu Hamid al-Ghazaliʼs scientific heritage — the work ʼFatihat al-Ulumʼ, which marked a fundamental shift in Islamic intellectual history and methodology. The study provides a scientific analysis of the thinkerʼs hierarchical classification of sciences, specifically the mechanisms for aligning intellectual knowledge with Sharia criteria. Through Ghazaliʼs epistemological approach, the dialectics of knowledge and action, as well as the socio-legal status of secular sciences (fard al-kifaya), are elucidated in a new interpretation. The conclusion theoretically justifies the significance of the methodological model presented in ʼFatihat al-Ulumʼ for modern interdisciplinary integration and the management of cognitive processes.
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