TARJIMA BIRLIKLARI VA SHIFTLARNI TUSHUNISH
Annotasiya
Ushbu maqola ushbu muhim tushunchalarni yoritishga qaratilgan bo'lib, tarjima birligini belgilaydigan narsalarni va tarjima jarayonida yuzaga keladigan turli xil siljishlarni o'rganadi. Ushbu asosiy jihatlarni tushunish orqali biz tillar va madaniyatlar o‘rtasidagi tafovutni bartaraf etishga xos bo‘lgan muammolar va imkoniyatlarni anglagan holda tarjima san’ati va ilm-faniga chuqurroq baho berishimiz mumkin. Tarjima, o‘z mohiyatiga ko‘ra, bir tildagi so‘zlarni boshqa tildagi ekvivalentlari bilan almashtirishdan ham ko‘proqdir. Bu madaniy nuanslar, lingvistik tuzilmalar va mo'ljallangan ma'nolarni boshqarishning murakkab jarayoni. Tarjimaning nozik tomonlarini chinakam tushunish uchun biz “tarjima birliklari” va “siljishlar” kabi fundamental tushunchalarni chuqur o‘rganishimiz kerak. Ushbu elementlar tillar o'rtasidagi muvaffaqiyatli muloqotning qurilish bloklarini tashkil qiladi, tarjimonlarning tanloviga ta'sir qiladi va yakuniy tarjima qilingan matnni shakllantiradi.
Kalit so‘zlar:
Tarjima, birliklar, siljish, matn, kontekst, leksik siljish, struktura siljishi, stilistik siljish, daraja siljishi, toifa siljishi, manba til, maqsadli tilBibliografik manbalar
Catford, J.C. A Linguistic Theory of Translation. London: Oxford University Press. 1965.
Hatim, Basil and Munday, Jeremy. Translation: An Advanced Resource Book. London and New York: Routledge. 2004
Larson, M.L. Meaning Based Translation a Guide to Cross Language Equivalence. London: University Press of America, Inc. 1998
Baker, Mona, ed. (1998). Routledge Encyclopedia of Translation Studies. London and New York: Routledge.
Akbari, M. 2006. Structural Shifts in Translation of Children‘s Literature. Unpublished Master Thesis. Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran.
Venuti, L. The Translation Studies Reader. London and New York: Routledge. 2000
"Shift Work and Health" by International Labour Organization (ILO): This publication provides information on the health implications of shift work, including different types of shifts and their impact on workers' well-being.
"Managing Shiftwork" by American Psychological Association (APA): This resource offers insights into managing shift work effectively, including strategies for scheduling shifts, mitigating fatigue, and promoting work-life balance.
"The Effects of Shift Work on Health" by National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH): NIOSH provides research-based information on the health effects of shift work and offers recommendations for minimizing risks associated with non-traditional work schedules.
"Shiftwork Practices" by Health and Safety Executive (HSE): HSE's guidance on shiftwork practices covers topics such as shift patterns, rest breaks, and shift rotation to help employers create healthier and safer work environments.
"Shift Scheduling Handbook" by Society for Human Resource Management (SHRM): This handbook offers practical tips and best practices for designing and implementing shift schedules that meet the needs of both employees and employers.
"The 24-Hour Society: Understanding Human Limits in a World that Never Stops" by Martin C. Moore-Ede: This book explores the challenges of 24/7 operations, including shift work, and discusses strategies for optimizing performance and well-being in a round-the-clock society.
"Shiftwork: Problems and Solutions" by Peter A. Hancock and Pascale Carayon: This academic text delves into the complexities of shift work, addressing issues such as circadian rhythms, sleep disorders, and organizational interventions to improve shiftwork arrangements.
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